Asian Spiny toads invade Wallacea
Asian Spiny toads invade Wallacea

Asian Spiny toads invade Wallacea

We just published a paper in Global Change Biology calling attention to the invasion of the Wallacea bioregion by the Asian spiny toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus). While the invasion has been going on for several decades, it has been largely overlooked. The Wallacean  islands are naturally toad-free, which means that the native species (predators) are naive about the toxicity of the toads, and therefore, are at risk if they attempt to consume the poisonous toads. Of particular concern is the iconic apex predator, the Komodo Dragon, which is known to be susceptible to the toad toxins. While the toads have not reached the islands on which Komodo Dragons are found, they have reached all of the adjacent islands, suggesting that invasion is possible unless actions are taken to reduce introduce risk. Environmental niche models suggest that if the toads do reach those islands that the climate is suitable for them to establish themselves. We also found that all of the invading toads we tested from throughout Wallacea have the same haplotype and have been introduced from populations from the Sunda Shelf Islands of Java and Sumatra. This suggests that local ferries and boats are transporting the toads.

Here is the citation, and a link to the paper!

S. Reilly*, G. O. U. Wogan*, A. Stubbs, E. Arida, D. Iskandar, and J. McGuire. Toxic Toad Invasion of Wallacea: a Biodiversity Hotspot Characterized by Extraordinary Endemism. Global Change Biology (in press) early view link DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13877

 

Also we have had some nice coverage of this paper by Mongabay

Island-hopping toxic toad threatens iconic Komodo dragon